Valveless two-stroke cycle internal-combustion engine



Mar. 27, 1923- 1,450,081

F. H. HENRIOD ET AL VALVELESS TWO STROKE CYCLE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE 4 sheets sheet 1 Filed May 14, 1920 Mar. 27, 1923- 1,450,081

F. H. HENRIOD ET AL VALVELESS TWO STROKE CYCLE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed May 14, 1920 4 sheets-sheet 2 bg I 2;

Mar. 27, 1923- F. H. HENRIOD ET AL.

VALVELESS TWO STROKE CYCLE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE 4 sheets-sheet Filed May 14, 1920 4 sheets-sheet 4 i 6 m w Mf W M 2 W Mflfl //////7/// F w M H /i n///// /V w Filed May 14, 1920 ///////////A :I I! II H H H H H H n H n fl///////////////J 1/ //K F. H. HENRIOD ET AL Mar. 27, 1923- VALVELESS TWO STROKE CYCLE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Patented Mar. 27, 1923.

UNED STATES FRITZ HENRI HENRIOD AND PAUL HENRIOD, OF YVERDON, SWITZERLAND.

VALVELESS TWO-STROKE CYCLE INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Application filed'nia 14,

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, FRITZ HENRI HEN- RIOD and PAUL HENRIOD, b0tl1 citizens of Switzerland, residing at Yverdon, Canton of V and, in the Confederation of Switzer land, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Valveless Two-Stroke Cycle Internal-Combustion Engines, of which the following is a specification.

The subject matter of the present invention is a two stroke cycle internal combustion motor without valves.

As in other known motors it comprises at least one pair of conjugated cylinders each composed of a motor cylinder body and a cylinder body in whichtakes place the preliminary compression of the explosive mixture intended to be supplied to the motor cylinder body of the other motor cylinbut is distinguished therefrom by the fact that passages connecting the bodies of the compressor cylinders to the bodies of the motor cylinders are arranged on either side of the motor and in such a way that their points of departure and arrival can be connected by straight lines inclined in opposite directions to each other relatively to the axes of the cylinders.

The accompanying drawing represents by way of example two constructional forms of the motor. I

Fig. 1 is vertical section on the line AA of Figures 2, 4, 5 and 6,

Fig. 2 is a vertical section on the line BB of Figures 1, 3 and 4 the piston of the second cylinder occupying a different position to that shown in Figure 1,

Fig. 3 is a vertical section on the line CC of Figures 2, 4, 5 and 6.

Figs. 4,5 and 6 are respectively horizontal sections on the line D-D, E-E and FF of Figures 2"and 3.

Figures 7 and 12 are two detail views of a piston Figure 9 is a part of a vertical transverse section of a second working form after lines G-G in Figs. 10 and 11 with pistons removed. i

Figure 10 is a section on the line 11-11 of Figure 9,

Figure 11 is a section on line I-I of Figure 9 Figure 12 is a vertical sectional -view of a modification. r

The constructional I form according to Figs. 1 to 8 has two pairs of'conjugated 1920. Serial No. 381,485.

vertical cylinders l and 2, and 3 and 4, each having two cylinder bodies 1 and 1 2 and 2", 3 and 3 4 and 4 of difi'erent diameter, one of which the greater, serves for the compression of the explosive mixture, and the other one, the smaller as a motor cylinder. This latter of the cylinders l, 2, 3 and 4 works a piston 5 in two stages connected by a connecting rod 6 to a crank 7 7 7 7 of a horizontal crank shaft 7 provided at one of its ends with a fly Wheel 8, and at the other with a grooved. pulley 9, and also with a loose toothed wheel 10, which latter can be 0perated by hand by a toothed wheel 12 and coupled to the shaft 7 by means of clutch 3 and 4 on one of the sides of the motor.

It passes from the passage 14 into these cylinder bodies by ports 15 formed therein. To the explosive mixture supplied by the ca-rburetter is added the complementary air which furnishes with it the precise explosive mixture. For this purpose ply 16 is in communication with a passage 17 running along the base of the four cyliii der bodies 1", 2 3" and 4 on the opposite side to the passage 14 and is connected in the interior of the bodies by ports 18 made therein. The ports 15 and 18 are controlled by the corresponding pistons 5 provided for this purpose with tongues 5 5 which prevent all communication between them and theinterior of the casing 40. The ports 18 are uncovered by this piston a little later than the 'ports 15 during the down stroke. The definite explosive mixture issues from the cylinder bodies by ports 19 provided at the topthereoi on the same side as the passage 17 for the cylinders 2 and 3 and on the same side as the passage 14 for the cylinders 1 and 4.

The motor cylinder bodies 1, 2' 3 and 4 7 is situated at the top. In each passage 14 running along a single air sup 1 are connected to the discharge ports 19 of the lower cylinder 1*,

- tions, as is manifest from Fig. 3. The ports and the cylinder bodies,

situated on the same side of the motor, 21 and 22 and 23 and 24 are inclined in opposite directions to each other. The ports 20 of each cylinder are controlled by the corresponding piston 5.

In each cylinder body 1, 2, 3 and 4 are formed opposite the ports 20 and at the same height exhaust ports 25 of greater length, situated, for the cylinders 1 and 4 on the same side as the passage 14, and for the cylinders 2 and 3, on the same side as'the passage 17. They all open into a common horizontal passage 27 having the shape of a U and-passing round all the four bodies 1*, 2 and 3 and 4 terminating in an outlet branch 26. This passage 27 has a vertical section in the form of a nonisosceles rightangle triangle is horizontal and is onlyin contact with the cylinder bodies 1 2 3 'and 4 by one of the apexes so as to diminish as much as possible the contact between it whilst on the other hand it is in contact by relatively large surfaces with the passages 21, 22, 23 and 24 which ensures an eflicient preliminary heating up of the fresh mixture. It is provided on the large side of its right angle with horizontal cooling ribs 28. The ports 25 1n each cylinder are controlled by the corresponding piston 5 provided for this purpose on its upper face with a hollow extension having opposite these ports a cylindrical part 5 which is of the same diameter as the cylinder bodies 1, 2, 3,'and 4- and in which is formed a single port 5 intended to correspond simultaneously with them. The extension 5 has opposite the port 5 a fiat part 5 which is situated opposite the lnlet ports 20, but at a distance from them and which acts as a deflector, directing the ex plosive mixture towards the head of the motor cylinder. This latter is provided with a sparking plug 29 and a cock 30' only a part of which is shown in the drawing. In consequence of the arrangement of the orts 20, the flat parts 5 of the pistons 5 of tie cylinders 1 and 4 are situated on the side of the passage 17, those of the pistons 5 of the. cylinders 2 and 3 on the side of the passage 14.

The passages 14, 17 21, 22, 24 and 27 are cast in one with the cylinders 1 to 4. There is therefore no pipe outside the cylinder casting.

The working of this constructional form is as follows: Firstly let one pair only of the pairs of cylinders be considered, for example the pair 12.

The piston 5 of the cylinder 1, starting from its dead point at the top (see Figure 1) descends under the thrust due to the explosion while its tongues 5 and 5 shut off the ports 15, 18 of the lower cylinder 1 which serve for the admission of the explosive mixture furnished by the carburetter and of the air. It consequently creates an appreciable vacuum in the cylinder 1". When the crank 7 is nearly at an angle of 45 from the lower dead point the tongues 5 and 5 uncover the ports 15, 18 by which the explosive mixture and the air are rapidly drawn in by the fact of the appreciable vacuum obtained. During the rest of its down stroke the cylinder 1 succeeds in filling itself with gas and the explosive mixture forms therein. At the end of this stroke the piston 5 uncovers first of all by means of the port 5" the ports 25 by which the major part of the gases produced by the explosion pass into the passage 27; then. the admission ports 20 by which the fresh explosive mixture coming from the lower cylinder 2* arrives in the cylinder body 1, is projected to the part 5 and-is directed upwards towards the head. When the piston 5 is at its lower dead point, the ports 20 are wide open while the extension 5 closes the ports 25 very nearly which prevents the loss of fresh explosive mixture due to the rapid arrival thereof into the body 1 and its descent to the part of the head towards which it was first sent. The extent of this closing is regulated according to the motor and its use.

As soon as the piston 5 commences to rise again it closes the ports 20 slightly, but again fully uncovers the ports 25, which permits the fresh explosive to expel at this moment the rest of the gases produced by the explosion which are yet in the cylinder.

It compresses above itself the explosive mixture previously introduced into the cylinder body 1*. When it has travelled a certain distance, it likewise closes the ports '15 and 18 and compresses the definite explosive mixturev moving in 1 the lower cylinder towards it and having to pass ultimately into the body 2 by the passage 22. At the end of this stroke the explosion takes place in 1 and fresh down stroke begins.

During the down stroke of the piston 50f the cylinder 1, the piston 5 of the cylinder 2 has risen, again compressing above it explosive mlxture in the cylinders 2 2 while it descends during the up stroke of the first piston.

The same operations recommence afterwards in this pair of cylinders.

In consequence of the setting of the cranks of the four cylinders 1 to 4 the operations in the cylinders 3 and 4 are out of phase at an angle of 90 relatively to those in the cylinders 1 and 2, so that four explosions are obtained for each revolution of the shaft 7.

In consequence of the arrangement of the passages 21, 22, 23 and 24 distributed two by .two on each side of the motor, the passages which conduct the definite explosive mixture from the cylinder bodies 1, 2 3 4 to the cylinders 2% 1 4, 3 are not placed one in the other as in other known two stroke cycle motors having one or more pairs of conjugated cylinders. The result is a great simplification in the construction and the explosive mixture passing to the diiierent motor cylinder bodies has practically the same route to travel. As on the other hand the exhaust port 27 makes the circuit of or goes round the motor, the temperature in the entire cylinders casting is practically uniform, which is advantageous.

The passages 21 and 24 'on opposite sides of the motor and the passages 22 and 23 also on opposite sides of the motor'are inclined in the same direction. They are all rectilinear in the constructional form shown but might also be curved'or of angular form. In such case their points of departure and arrival would haveto be connected by inclined straight lines in opposite directions witheach other relatively to the axes of the cylinders for the two passages of each pair situated on one side and the other of the motor.

, The inlet of the complementary air by the passage 17 may be dispensed with, the precise explosive mixture being furnished solely by the carburetter.

The pistons instead of having a single port 5 may have several.

The point at which each cylinder uncovers the ports 15, 18 may vary according to its stroke between 45 and 25 or thereabouts starting from the lower dead point of the crank. The preliminary vacuum obtained in the compressor cylinders and the rapid admission of the mixture which esults therefrom are advantageous, particularly when the fuels employed are heavy oils or illuminating oil.

The passages arranged on both sides of the motor are inclined in an opposite sense. They could also be inclined in the same direction as shown in Figure 12. In this case, the inlet ports 20 of the'cylinders 2 and 4 are on the same side and the passages 21 and 22 connect said ports with the exhaust ports of the cylinders 1" and 3.

The connecting passage waysmay be arranged on both sides of the motor on the cylinder portions facing each other and may be parallei with the cylinder axes; the

angular. In this case the starting and end points of the same ought to be adapted to being connectedby straight lines inclined in an opposite sense one to the other with regard to the axes of the cylinders for the two passages of each pair which. is treated on the one and the other side of the'motor.

In the second working form (Figs. 9 to 11) comprising only one pair of conjugated cylinders 1, 2 each body of compressing cylinders 1 2 presents at its lower part a group of admission ports 15 .t'ed with explosive mixture by a carburetter not shown. The whole group is located on the same side of the motor and its vertical axis of symmetry is contained in a vertical plane set at right angles with a vertical plane containing the axis of the two'cylinders l and 2.

In theupper part of the bodies 1", 2 are provided groups of discharge ports 19 which are located on either side of the plane con taining the axes of the cylinders 1 and 2 whereof the vertical axes of symmetry are contained within vertical planes set at an angle of about 45?. to the plane mentioned above and which open into vertical passages 40 41 cast on to the cylinders 1 and 2 and arranged between the same. The passages 40, 41 open respectively into the groups of inlet ports 20 in the bodies of the motor v cylinders 1 2 These groups of ports 20 are cut into the two? bodies on either side of the plane mentioned above and containing the axes of 1 and "and their vertical axis of symmetry are contained within vertical planes set at about 45 to the said plane, the ports 19 and ,2il-"of the bodies 2 at 1 being located on the same side of this plane, as also the ports 19 .and 20 of the bodies 1 and 2 The exhaust ports 25 of 1 and 2 are placed opposite to the ports 20 and open into the passage 27.

As will be seen by examining the Figures 9 to 11 the discharge and influx points of the passages 40, 41 are constituted in this working form on the cylindrical surfaces on the outside of'the bodies 1 and 2", 2" and 1 by the ports 19 and 20 and can be connected by straight line passages inclined in an opposite sense with regard to the axes of the cylinders.

The number of the pairs of conjugated cylinders may differ from the number shown and be one or two more or less.

We claim:

A valveless two-s troke internal coinbustion engine having at one pair oif connected cylinders, each cylinder being composed of a power chamber and a compression chamber, the latter serving to compress the explosive mixture before it is admitted to the power chamber, inclined passageways on both sides of the engine for connecting the compression chamber of one cylinder to the power chamber of the other cylinder, the passageways on one side of the engine being inclined in a direction reverse to the other side whereby the distance through which the explosive mixture is caused to pass is reduced and the efficiency of the engine thereby increased, said passageways being cast integrally with the cylinders.

2. The combination with at least two pairs of cylinders, each composed of a power chamber and a compression. chamber, inclined connecting passageways arranged on both sides of the motor and integrally with the cylinder walls, the passageways which are situated on the same side of the motor being inclined in opposite directions in the adjacent pair of cylinders, and exhaust passageways in close association with the passageways.

3. The combination with at least two pairs of cylinders, each composed of a power chamber and a compression chamber, inclined connecting passageways arranged on both sides of the motor within the walls of tance through which the the cylinders, the passageways which are situated on the same side of the motor being inclined in opposite directions in the adjacent pairs of cylinders, exhaust passageways in close association with the passageways, the inclined connecting passages, the exhaust passage and the cylinders being cast integrally.

4. A valveless two-stroke internal combustion engine having at least one pair of connected cylinders, each cylinder being composed of a power chamber and a compression chamber, the latter serving to compress the explosive mixture before it is admitted to the power chamber, inclined passageways on both sides of the engine for connecting the compression chamber/of one cylinder with the power chamber of the other cylinder, the passageways on one side of the engine being inclined in a direction reverse to that of the other side whereby the disexplosive mixture is caused to pass is reduced and the efficiency of the engine thereby increased, and a com mon auxiliary air passage connected with the compression chambers.

5. A valveless two-stroke internal combustion engine having at least one pair of connected cylinders, each cylinder being composed of a power chamber and a compression chamber, the latter serving to compress the explosive mixture before it is admitted to the power chamber, inclined passageways on both sides of the engine for connecting the compression chamber of one cylinder with the power chamber of the other cylinder, the passageways on one side ofthe engine being inclined in a direction reverse to that of the other side whereby the distance through which the explosive mixture is caused to pass is reduced and the efficiency of the engine thereby increased, and a common auxiliary air passage connected with the compression chambers, all of. said passageways being cast integrally with the cylinders.

6. In a two-stroke cycling internal combustion engine having at least one pair 9f connected cylinders, each cylinder having a compression chamber and-a power chamber provided with inlet ports, passageways connecting the compression chamber with the power chamber, said passageways being arranged on both sides of the mptor in such a way that end points of discharge and entrance canbe connected by straight lines in opposite directions to each other relative to the axis of the cylinders, a commonpassageway extending alongside of the cyl nders on one side of the motor for supplying the explosive mixture to the compression chamber, pistons controlling the common inlet ports of the cylinder, and a common passageway extending along one side of the cylinders and connected with the compression chamber for supplying auxiliary air.

7. In a two-stroke cycling internal combustion engine having at least one pair of connected cylinders, each cylinder having a compression chamber and a power chamber provided with inlet ports, passageways connecting the compression chamber with the power chamber, said passageways beng arranged on both sides of the motor in such a way that end points of discharge and entrance can be connected by straight lines in opposite directions to each other relative to the axis of the cylinders, a common passageway extending alongside the cylinder on one side of the motor supplying the explosive mixture to the compression chamber, pistons controlling the common inlet ports of the cylinder, and a com mon passageway extending along one side of the cylinders and connected with the compression chamber for supplying auxiliary air, all of said passageways being cast integrally with the engine cylinders.

In testimony whereof we aflix our signatures in presence of two witnesses.

FRITZ HENRI HENRIOD. PAUL HENRIOD. Witnesses:

HUGH S. FULLERTON, Dr. Ron. on \Vnnzrnarsnno. 

